Linux Tutorial Overview

Shell scripts. A shell script is a text file with Unix commands in it. Shell scripts usually begin with a #! And a shell name (complete pathname of shell). – Pathname of shell be found using the which command. – The shell name is the shell that will execute this script. E.g: #!/bin/bash. Everybody working on a UNIX or UNIX-like system who wants to make life easier on themselves, power users and sysadmins alike, can benefit from reading this book. Readers who already have a grasp of working the system using the command line will learn the ins and outs of shell scripting that ease execution of daily tasks.

Three modes of learning Linux are better than just one.

1. Video Tutorials
   • 3-4 minute summaries of each command
   • accessed from the Outline or from YouTube
2. Web-Based Tutorials
   • 100 pages
   • all code examples provided
3. Quizzes
   • 8 quizzes
   • video and text formats

Here, we use all three, and they're integrated to make it faster and easier. Follow along on your Linux and Mac computer. Many commands also work on Windows 10 using Windows Subsystem for Linux.

Examples

Video Tutorials

Videos can be accessed from the Linux Essentials Playlist on YouTube or from the outline below. The total runtime is 5 hours.

Try out the last video #100 in the series and see what's within your reach.

Linux fold command summary with examples(4:34)

Video Script

Each command in this Linux Tutorial has its own page on this website. The script is a subset of what you will find in the videos. Videos were designed to be searchable, so some of the repeated video content is stripped out here.

This is how we show code for inline examples: ls or apropos and for multi-line entries we use a code window like this:

Quizzes

Find 8 quizzes as well. You can watch the video quizzes on YouTube or take them here. Just click the box for the answer.

How do you determine if the alias command is a shell built-in?

$ type alias

The Outline

Below is a snippet from the Linux Tutorial Outline.

Optimized for html5, web pages open in the current browser window. Videos hosted on YouTube open in a new window on a desktop, or the YouTube App if you are on a mobile device.

Linux Essentials Tutorials

A Beginner's First 100 Basic Commands

1. exit - logout and close terminal
2. whatis - display one-line manual page descriptions
3. clear - clear the terminal screen
4. man - view the local reference manuals
5. less - view and search text files

Find links to all 100 videos and the quizzes in the Outline.

Questions and Answers

Q: What are the prerequisites?
A: Just have the ability to find your Terminal or command prompt on your Mac or Linux computer. Please note, we haven't tested the commands on the 'Windows Subsystem for Linux' feature in Windows.

Q: Is this entire video series free?
A: Yes, it is tip-supported. Please tell your friends so future videos remain free.

Q: Can I alter the speed of video playback?
A: Yes. Follow this link to YouTube's HTML5 help page to ensure your browser is compatible. If so, click the settings cog to alter playback speed.

Q: Why do only some videos have annotation dialogs?
A: YouTube discontinued the ability to edit annotations in 2017. Since annotations are used for navigation already, we elected not to modify them.

Purpose Of This Tutorial

This tutorial is written to help people understand some of the basics of shellscript programming (aka shell scripting), and hopefully to introduce some of the possibilities of simple butpowerful programming available under the Bourne shell. As such, it has been written asa basis for one-on-one or group tutorials and exercises, and as a reference for subsequentuse.

Getting The Most Recent Version Of This Tutorial

You are reading Version 4.2, last updated 2nd March 2021.
The most recent version of this tutorial is always available at:https://www.shellscript.sh.Always check there for the latest copy. (If you are reading this at some different address, it is probably a copy of the real site, and therefore may be out of date).

A Brief History of sh

100 Shell Programs In Unix Pdf Download

Steve Bourne wrote the Bourne shell which appeared in the Seventh Edition Bell Labs Research version of Unix.
Many other shells have been written; this particular tutorial concentrateson the Bourne and the Bourne Again shells.
Other shells include the Korn Shell (ksh), the C Shell (csh), and variations such as tcsh.
This tutorial does not cover those shells.

Audience

This tutorial assumes some prior experience; namely:

• Use of an interactive Unix/Linux shell
• Minimal programming knowledge - use of variables, functions, is useful background knowledge
• Understanding of some Unix/Linux commands, and competence in using some of the more common ones. (ls, cp, echo, etc)
• Programmers of ruby, perl, python, C, Pascal, or any programming language (even BASIC) who can maybe read shell scripts,but don't feel they understand exactly how they work.

You may want to review some of the feedback that this tutorial has received to see how useful you might find it.

Typographical Conventions Used in This Tutorial

Significant words will be written in italics when mentioned for thefirst time.

Code segments and script output will be displayed as monospaced text.
Command-line entries will be preceded by the Dollar sign ($). If your prompt is different,enter the command:

Then your interactions shouldmatch the examples given (such as ./my-script.sh below).
Script output (such as 'Hello World' below) is displayed at the start of the line.

Entire scripts will be shown with a gray background, and include a reference to the plain text of the script, where available:my-script.shNote that to make a file executable, you must set the eXecutable bit, and for a shellscript, the Readable bit must also be set:

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